A theory of equilibrium in token economies.

How to Make a Token Economy Work: Goals and Variables of Token Economies with the Institutionalized Mentally Retarded

Introduction The Token Economy Advantages of Token Economies Problems of Token Economies Management/Control Goals Disruptive Behavior Ward Care Behavior Self-care Behavior Therapeutic/Educative Goals Verbal Behaviors Social Behaviors Implementation of the Token Economy Staff Training Backup Reinforcers Social Reinforcement Economic Balance and Savings Intermittant Reinforcement Su~ary and Concl...

Identification Of Key Sectors For Iran, South Korea And Turkey Economies: A Network Theory Approach

The Short and Long Run Causality between Agglomeration and Productivity

This study is to investigate the short- and long-run causal relationship between agglomeration (localization and urbanization) economies and labor productivity in the manufacturing sector of 28 Iranian provinces over an 11-year period, 2001–2011. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method was used to estimate our long-run panel data model. The empirical findings suggested that localiz...

Token and taboo: behavior modification, token economies, and the law.

The Value of Simple Models

Neoclassical economic theory predicts equilibrium, yet the prediction is based on a string of patently absurd assumptions. Furthermore, evidence for instability is pervasive in the behaviour of real economies, implying that real economies are far from equilibrium and their behaviour potentially complex or chaotic. Therefore the neoclassical approach to understanding the behaviour of economies i...